Jose, A. G. (2013). The installation of bio-sand filter in Barangay Calimodan, Salvador, Lanao del Norte to provide access to safe water: A pilot project (Unpublished master's thesis). Graduate School of Public and Development Management, Development Academy of the Philippines.

Graduate School of Public and Development Management Health Systems and Development Batch 3 Thesis (MPM-HSD)--Development Academy of the Philippines.

Access to safe water is both a basic need of life and also a human right. As of 2006, the percentage of households with access to safe water was 83% versus the 94% NOH target for 2010. Hence, this pilot study was completed to analyze the effect of Bio-Sand Filter (BSF) installation in Barangay Calimodan, Salvador, Lanao del Norte in providing access to safe water, by determining (1) the incidence of water-borne diseases among the experimental and control groups before and after BSF installation, (2) the microbiological effectiveness of the BSFs by measuring reduction of Escherichia coli (e. coli) bacteria, and (3) the social acceptance and utilization of the BSF technology. This study was composed of 3 parts. The first part was the initial survey for the baseline data gathering and social marketing and preparation. The second part was the construction and distribution of BSF units per household following the CAWST manual. The third and last part was water quality survey on E. coli content in water and evaluation of the incidence of water-borne diseases among the participating households using post-intervention questionnaires distributed by barangay officials. Comparisons of the results of the questionnaire were made quantitatively to assess the risk of diarrheal illness in households with and without the BSF technology and evaluate the acceptance and utilization of the community with the new filtration technology. Overall, this pilot study provided evidence that the BSF is a promising household water technology options to achieve sustained access to safe water. The APP objectives were achieved with the implementation of activities as designed. Improved community health was attained particularly after installation of the BSF units where the incidence of water-borne diseases dropped by 82% among the experimental group as compared to 9% reduction of water-borne disease incidence among the control group. The significant improvement of the drinking water quality may be attributed to the reduction of E.cole content in the filtered water by 50%-100%. BSF technology was positively accepted by the beneficiaries of Baangay Calimodan, Lanao del Norte. About 84% used the BSF every day, while 82% maintain water level inside the BSF regularly. Meanwhile, 95% of the beneficiaries were contented with the effects of BSF in their households. Both the experimental and control group respondents revealed 100% willingness to pay for BSF units, and 100% of the respondents recommend the usage of the BSF. Likewise, the APP facilitated the approved expansion of th BSF project to more barangays and possibly more municipalities in the province which forged mutual partnership between the PHO and LGU. The partnership gave the former the authority to manage, develop its own water system technology according to its available resources and manpower towards sustainable development and good governance.