Joven, B. V. (2019). Selection of Chief of Police (COPs) by Local Chief Executives (LCEs): The effectiveness of the exercise of authority by LCEs in choosing their COPs (Unpublished master's thesis). Public Management Development Program, Development Academy of the Philippines.

Public Management and Development Program Senior Executive Class Batch 7 Thesis (SEC)--Development Academy of the Philippines.

Peace and Order is the lifeblood of a nation, such that, it remains an important factor not only of good governance, but of its growth and development, and the promotion and maintenance of a peaceful and orderly society rests mainly on the shoulders of the Philippine National Police (PNP), which the National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) is constitutionally mandated to oversee. To ensure stability of peace and order in the city and municipal levels, Mayors are the deputized as representatives of the NAPOLCOM and authorized to exercise operational supervision and control over PNP units in their respective jurisdiction. In addition, they are given the power to choose the respective Chiefs of Police (COPs). The deputation of some municipal and city mayors were suspended or withdrawn for acts inimical to national security or that which negative the effectiveness of the peace and order campaign in the country, particularly those who were involved in the illegal drugs trade. These cases most of the time compel an ordinary citizen to ask the following questions: Is the local police effectively performing its sworn duties to enforce the rule of law at all times; maintain peace and order, and to serve and protect the community without fear or favor? Is their faithful adherence to their sworn duties affected by debt of gratitude culture, thus, giving rise to conflict of interest? The debt of gratitude culture or "utang na loob," a known Filipino trait which simply means that one's achievement, no matter how trivial it may be, is always attributed to someone or those who have helped him or her, whether directly or indirectly, in the accomplishment or attainment of said achievement. In the Philippines, this culture is more than economic and financial in nature. It transcends the emotional, mental, and even psychological state in that sometimes, relationships and work is disrupted and affected. The consequences are far more complicated than simply thought of. The power to choose COPs, wild delegated by law to the local chief executives (LCEs), needs a closer look to ensure the independence of the local police in the promotion and maintenance of peace and order in the locality. It should function freely and acts as the guardian of the fundamental rights of the people without fear or favor . "While the constitutionality of such appointment jurisdiction is a settled question, nothing prevents the Congress, from reviewing the wisdom and logic behind said policy in order to further enhance police professionalism and to isolate the police service from political domination." (Supreme Court, 1999) The author presented three policy options, to wit: Policy Option 1, which is the amendment of R.A. No. 6975, as amended by R.A. No. 8551; Policy Option 2, Incremental to R.A. No. 6975, as amended by R.A. No. 8551, and NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular 2002-011 implementing said laws; and, Policy Option 3, Status Quo, with additional strategies for implementation. After comparable analysis of the above policy options, Policy Option 2 came out to be the most viable and practical in terms of implementation, and the most effective, efficient, equitable and feasible option in addressing the identified problem.