Gayo, R. C. (2016). Foreshore land management in the Province of Ilocos Sur (Unpublished master's thesis). Public Management Development Program, Development Academy of the Philippines.

Public Management and Development Program. Batch 5 Senior Executives Class. Thesis (SEC)--Development Academy of the Philippines.

Foreshore land resources is governed by regulations such as laws, orders, and memorandum in order to attain sustainable management One importance policy governing foreshore land is Executive Order 192 mandating Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) for its conservation, administration, management and proper utilization. The agency is also responsible in the licensing and regulation of foreshore land. The DENR devised policy pursuant to EO 192 and are in the form of Department Administrative Order (DAO) such as DAO 99-34 and 2004-24. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources is the primary agency mandated to implement the existing policy. The policy requires the imposition of collection of rental for the occupancy provided, there is foreshore land contract. The Commission on Audit (COA) provided report on the failure of DENR to collect the revenue with the bulk from the Ilocos Region. The DENR Regional Office 1 (DENR-RO1) directed immediately the Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office (PENRO) and Community Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) to conduct inventory and survey of foreshore land. The PENRO and CNRO Ilocos Sur provided data that the problem is in the process of Foreshore Land Application (FLA). There is no problem with the collection of rental in Ilocos Sur. There was non-collection of rental because there were pending applications that resulted from the non-perfection of the clearance from the concerned government agencies who have also jurisdiction over the foreshore area such Philippines Port Authority (PPA), Philippines Reclamation Authority (PRA) Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA), and Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). Further, the authority of approval of appraisal and FLA is in the Secretary and PENRO/CENRO has no power to impose collection without these requirements. The data from COA and DENR and the principles of Elinor Ostrum and Ronald Coase were the basis in arriving at the three policy options to include Market-Based policy option, Evidence-Based Policy Option, and the Traditional Government Regulation Policy Option (status quo). Based from the analysis and evaluation presented in this paper, the Evidence-Based Policy Option is the preferred policy option. The Evidence-Based policy describes the improvement of traditional government regulation system and processes. The existing policy can be changed by basis of considering the report and data from COA and DENR on the non-collection issue. This policy was found to be more effective, efficient, and feasible based on the cost-benefit analysis. The policy will entail reform to streamline the processes and system of FLA. The foreshore land management can be sustainably managed if the policy is changed on matters pertaining to process and scope of authority. In the adoption of evidence-based policy option, the GAs shall be sharing database where there is immediate access of available and unavailable foreshore lands. The GAs will collaborate so that there is faster processing of application. The present DENR Secretary rescind the Memorandum to delegate signing authority to RO and PENRO for appraisal, conduct of public bidding and Foreshore Lease Agreement. This policy system will provide police power to DENR to eject illegal occupants of foreshore land and to take custody, remove and/or demolish all existing structures that exists within the foreshore area not covered by FLC or permits. The adoption of the status quo may not be necessary now because of the policy issue on non-revenue collection observed in Ilocos Sur but the alternative policy option identified may be considered to correct the policy issue. The alternative option may require restructuring of authority, communication/collaboration plans and creation of GAs management plan in foreshore land especially on the other concerned agencies. These are necessary for the implementation of the policy. The ends justify the means. The sustainable management of the foreshore land depends on effective policies that will put order the utilization of resources of foreshore land. It is important that policies be reviewed based on data and information gathered through research. The report made by COA is an urgency that current policies should be evaluated and redesign to solve the issues that pose threat to the foreshore land. The failure to collect is a failure to implement the policy and will be a threat to the foreshore land resources. The policy issue identified in Ilocos Sur can be solved through a policy option to revise the existing policy based on data and information.